Genes, Chromosomes, Proteins and Candy!

Last week we started a new unit in science! Genetics! We started studying the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the twisty double helix shape it creates. We learned about the sugar-phosphate-carbon atom back bone, the hydrogen bonds and the base pairs made from Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. Everyone was quick to cringe at the mere mention of sex cells and why they only have 23 chromosomes. We also learned the how small chromosomes really are, and the two main functions of DNA (reproduction, and making proteins.) Then, to go more in depth on the subject, we participated in a hands on "lab." In partners we made the "ladder" shape of DNA using marshmallows and toothpicks as the hydrogen bonds and base pairs and red licorice vines as the sugar back bone. We then twisted the ladder shape into the typical double helix shape of DNA (See video of Aiyana Metha and Natali Shumlak). Then, continuing the learning we "un-zippered" the DNA strands, separating the base pairs. Then one partner pair got a new "backbone" and joined up with another base pair partner.

This week, we continued our work in genetics and learned about the second function of DNA. Making proteins. A few volunteers had letters taped to their shirts that said "A", "T," "C," "U," and "G," representing the base pair chemicals (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil. They got their correct partners and used their bodies to create the back bone of DNA. Then we leaned how RNA Polymerase makes RNA (ribonucleic acid) by traveling along the DNA, "unzipping it," making copies of one side of the back bone/base pairs, and then reuniting the original pairs. After demonstrating with the class, we watched a more technical video on how this process (called Transcription and Translation) really works, and in real time.